The United States Agency for International Development (USAID)/Madagascar contracted Banyan Global to undertake a countrywide gender analysis to inform the USAID/Madagascar 2020–2025 Country Development Cooperation Strategy (CDCS). This analysis identifies gender advances, constraints, and opportunities in Madagascar along three of the mission’s development objectives (DOs): improved human capacity to contribute to the country’s Journey to Self-Reliance (J2SR), government accountability and effectiveness improved to mitigate cyclical political instability, and more-sustainable economic opportunities are available for poor populations (primarily within the agricultural and environmental sectors). This report also addresses key populations (including women, youth, and persons with disabilities) and crosscutting themes, which include gender-based violence (GBV) prevention and response, women’s economic empowerment (WE3), private-sector engagement, and self-reliance.