As the second case in a series for the Accelerated Microenterprise Advancement Project Knowledge Generation microfinance amid conflict research theme, this case study on Afghanistan highlights the work of Child Fund Afghanistan (CFA) and the Afghan Rural Finance Corporation (ARFC). These projects illustrate the effects of working at different levels of enterprise financing in post-conflict settings. CFA is an example of an MFI that was built on a community-based model but which transitioned into a sustainable financial institution, with strong community ties and a sustained vision to serve marginalized groups. ARFC takes a different approach to economic recovery, focusing on high growth SMEs that can create sustainable jobs. ARFC works with and uses linkages with a variety of non-financial programs to strengthen the SMEs with which it works and to increase the financial and social impact of the broader aid agenda.